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Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I send a resolution to the desk.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will state the resolution.

The assistant legislative clerk read as follows.

A joint resolution (SJ. Res. 22) expressing the sense of the Senate and the House of Representatives regarding the terrorist attacks launched against the United States on September 11, 2001:

Whereas on September 11, 2001, terrorists hijacked and destroyed four civilian aircraft, crashing two of them into the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, and a third into the Pentagon outside Washington, D.C.;

Whereas thousands of innocent Americans were killed and injured as a result of these attacks, including the passengers and crew of the four aircraft, workers in the World Trade Center and in the Pentagon, rescue workers, and bystanders;

Whereas these attacks destroyed both towers of the World Trade Center, as well as adjacent buildings, and seriously damaged the Pentagon; and

Whereas these attacks were by far the deadliest terrorist attacks ever launched against the United States, and, by targeting symbols of American strength and success, clearly were intended to intimidate our Nation and weaken its resolve: Now, therefore, be it

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That Congress--

(1) condemns in the strongest possible terms the terrorists who planned and carried out the September 11, 2001, attacks against the United States, as well as their sponsors;

(2) extends its deepest condolences to the victims of these heinous and cowardly attacks, as well as to their families, friends, and loved ones;

(3) is certain that the people of the United States will stand united as our Nation begins the process of recovering and rebuilding in the aftermath of these tragic acts;

(4) commends the heroic actions of the rescue workers, volunteers, and State and local officials who responded to these tragic events with courage, determination, and skill;

(5) declares that these premeditated attacks struck not only at the people of America, but also at the symbols and structures of our economic and military strength, and that the United States is entitled to respond under international law;

(6) thanks those foreign leaders and individuals who have expressed solidarity with the United States in the aftermath of the attacks, and asks them to continue to stand with the United States in the war against international terrorism;

(7) commits to support increased resources in the war to eradicate terrorism;

(8) supports the determination of the President, in close consultation with Congress, to bring to justice and punish the perpetrators of these attacks as well as their sponsors; and

(9) declares that September 12, 2001, shall be a National Day of Unity and Mourning, and that when Congress adjourns today, it stands adjourned out of respect to the victims of the terrorist attacks.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the immediate consideration of the resolution? Hearing no objection, the resolution is before the Senate.

The majority leader is recognized.

Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, it is with pain, sorrow, anger, and resolve that I stand before this Senate, a symbol for 212 years of the strength of our democracy, and say that America will emerge from this tragedy, as we have emerged from all adversity, united and strong.

The America in which we awoke today is far different from the one in which we awoke yesterday. This morning, as our rescue workers and medical personnel continue their heroic work, we begin to truly understand the enormity of what happened.

My heart aches for the people of New York, our men and women serving at the Pentagon, the passengers and crew of the four hijacked aircraft, and for their families and friends. These attacks were an assault on our people and on our freedom.

They aimed at the heart of the American community and the symbols and structures of our economic and military strength.

As an American, as an elected representative, I am outraged. As a husband and a father, I am pained beyond words. Last night we sent the message to the world that, even in the face of such cowardly and heinous acts, the doors of democracy will not close. This joint resolution we laid down today condemns yesterday's attacks, expresses our sympathy for the victims, and our support for the President as our Commander in Chief.

The world should know that the Members of both parties in both Houses stand united. The full resources of our Government will be brought to bear in aiding the search and rescue and in hunting down those responsible and those who may have aided or harbored them.

Nothing--nothing--can replace the losses that have been suffered. I know there is only the smallest measure of inspiration that can be taken from this devastation. But there is a passage in the Bible from Isaiah that I think speaks to all of us at times such as this:

The bricks have fallen down, but we will rebuild with dressed stone; the fig trees have been felled, but we will replace them with cedars.

That is what we will do. We will rebuild and we will recover. The people of America will stand strong together because the people of America have always stood together. And those of us privileged to serve this great Nation will stand with you.

God bless the people of America.

I yield the floor.

Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, any expression of sympathy for the suffering today is too weak. Every expression of horror at this outrage is too mild. But we must confront these acts and find a way to come together and make sure that this kind of heinous, vicious action will not happen again in America. This premediated action against innocent men and women and children and their families, at the symbols of our country--our economic strength, our military strength, and most importantly, our freedoms--is unimaginable.

There's no way to understand it, to explain it, to defend it. Americans just don't think that way. That makes it hard for us to comprehend this very difficult moment and to do what's necessary to deal with terrorism and stop it in the future.

Our prayers are going out to the victims and their families, to those who are suffering in so many ways in New York, in Virginia, and in Pennsylvania--in all of America. We have such a debt of appreciation to pay to those who have struggled mightily with these catastrophic events at the Pentagon and at the World Trade Center and in our cities and states--the volunteers, those who gave their lives trying to deal with this terrible moment. To our allies and to those around the world who see this not just as a strike at America, but at freedom and democracy all over the world, and to those who already have extended hands of cooperation, understanding, and support, we appreciate it on behalf of the American people.

Now, Mr. President, it's so important that we show that even these terrible acts cannot stop America from going forward. We must get on with important work. But it is important also to make it clear that this is not business as usual. We're going ahead with our responsibilities. But we are going to act now, tomorrow, and in the weeks and months ahead to deal with those people who have taken these actions and with those who have supported them.

We will take whatever action is necessary in the Congress, working with the administration, working with the American team to stop this kind of terrorism. Whatever we call it, we must put ourselves in a war footing. We must make up our minds we're going to fight this scourge of the world. We will. We have come together.

There are moments in history when in the past the people of this country have set aside conflicts and prejudices and passions and have come together. We'll do it now. We've already done it. But we must continue to do so, regardless of region, religion, party, philosophy, or anything else.

There's much to do. We've got to find out how this happened. Congress has a right and a responsibility to learn what has happened here. We must find out who did it. And we must be prepared to take actions and fight terrorist attacks in the future.

This is not a time for timidity. This is not a time for pontification. Yes, we need to be sure of our actions. We need to be committed and determined. We need to be bold.

Here in the Congress I hope we will think about how we most effectively

[Page: S9285] can fulfill our responsibilities to do everything we can to fight terrorism, to provide the funds necessary in this fight and to provide the aid so necessary for those who have been damaged and have lost so much. Just in a few hours we will take up the Commerce-State-Justice appropriations bill. In that bill is funding for counterterrorism. Is it enough? Can we do more? What should we do? I call on the Senate, as I know it will, to rise to this occasion, to be bold. Let's act together. The American people expect no less.

I yield the floor, Mr. President.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Nevada, Mr. REID.

Mr. REID. Mr. President, Senator Daschle, the majority leader, has asked that I announce that Senator Biden, the chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, will manage the discussion on this resolution today.

I join my colleagues in saying that my thoughts and prayers are with those individuals and families who were victimized by the cowardly terrorist acts perpetrated against the United States yesterday.

We in Congress stand united in our resolve to ensure that President Bush has every necessary resource as he leads our great Nation forward in the coming days and weeks and months.

I am very confident that every Member of the Senate views this as an American issue. No party affiliation, no partisanship, no attempt to gain political advantage--nothing--will erode our solidarity or undermine our united resolve as we respond to protect our country and our people.

I personally express my appreciation to our Capitol Police men and women who yesterday acted so brilliantly, so heroically, in being called to arms, literally, at a moment's notice. I am very proud of the Capitol Police. We all should be. Every day they put their lives on the line for us.

My heart goes out to the police officers and firemen in New York who lost their lives attempting to help other people.

I hope we will all join with Senators DURBIN and BENNETT to make sure that every penny necessary to build the Visitors Center is provided this year. We need more than a plaque on a wall for Officer Chestnut and Detective Gibson. In their honor, we need to build a Visitors Center, because Officer Chestnut and Detective Gibson gave their lives protecting us, our staffs, and the millions of people who visit the Capitol complex every year. Building the Capitol Visitors Center is critical to ensuring the safety of all those who come to the U.S. Capitol.

We will do everything in our power to support President Bush in his efforts to ensure that those who have done such evil and perpetrated these despicable acts do not go unpunished.

But let me be clear about what we know. America is the greatest democracy and force for freedom the world has ever known. All of America will stand together to make sure that we rebuild and that we fight back, and that Americans continue to enjoy the freedoms and liberty that are the hallmark of this great country of ours.

Perhaps of even greater importance, we must guarantee that no such act of terrorism ever revisits our Nation's shores. Future generations of Americans must never again feel the profound pain and grief that we feel today from Nevada to New York and back.

As we mourn the loss of our fellow Americans, we must focus on the task ahead. Yesterday's barbaric attacks against the United States were not just acts of terror; they were acts of war perpetrated by the uncivilized.

And in the war against those who would use terror to attack innocent civilians, our democratic values and our freedom, the United States--as the leader of the free world and its only remaining superpower--should be prepared to use every diplomatic, economic, and military means at our disposal to defend ourselves and to defeat these forces of evil.

Of course, we should deploy our best diplomatic efforts to engage our friends and allies around the world in this war against international terrorism. Of course we should do that.

I personally appreciate, as I think our Nation should, and does, the support immediately expressed yesterday by President Putin and the Russian people.

As our allies around the world look to us for leadership and protection, we must call upon all nations to provide their friendship and support in this critical time of need. However, while diplomacy will play a central role in this war against terrorism, we must deploy the full economic and military might of the United States against those who threaten our citizens, our national security interests, our democracy, and our freedom.

As I supported President George Herbert Walker Bush 10 years ago in his decision to use the overwhelming military force of the United States in the Persian Gulf war, I stand with President George W. Bush in his commitment to use every means at our disposal to exterminate the perpetrators of yesterday's acts of terror and war. Those who kill innocent Americans must be held accountable. And make no mistake about it, they will be. Moreover, I stand firmly with the President on this crucial point: Those who aid and harbor perpetrators of terror must also be held accountable. Make no mistake about that, they will be.

While I can assure the American people that we will hunt down those barbarians who committed yesterday's acts of terrorism, we must also act to prevent these types of attacks from occurring in the future.

International terrorism is perhaps the greatest modern threat to our national security interests. We must be prepared to act accordingly.

General Holland, the U.S. Air Force Commander in Chief of the Special Operations Command at MacDill Air Force Base in Florida, directs our counterterrorism efforts on behalf of the U.S. military. He has no civilian counterpart. We need to establish one.

The successful fight against terrorism is one that will require the highest level of diplomatic skill in gathering intelligence, as well as the most effective use for economic and military strength. However, when diplomacy fails, as regrettably it does on occasion, we must be prepared to employ alternatives. Terrorists, especially those who have the capability to plan and execute the kinds of attacks we witnessed graphically yesterday, require a significant level of financing and protection. We should be prepared to use alternatives such as economic sanctions to deter and prevent nations, organizations, and individuals from aiding and abetting those who engage in terrorism.

When diplomacy and economic sanctions fail, as they do on occasion, our resolve to fight terrorism must not waiver. We must use military force in the war against terrorism--and not just in response to terrorism but also to prevent future attacks.

Our friends, but more importantly our enemies, will judge us either by our strength and resolve to fight international terrorism or by any perceived weakness and complacency.

I assure the American people as well as our friends and allies throughout the world, we as a nation are ready for this challenge. I make it clear to enemies, to anyone who would consider bringing harm upon Americans, our democratic values, and our freedom, that we are strong, we are resolved, and we will prevail.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The majority leader.

Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I am advised that the assistant Republican leader would prefer to speak later in the day. I ask unanimous consent all remarks be limited to no longer than 10 minutes in order to accommodate as many Senators as possible. I earlier asked if we could alternate between the two caucuses. I also request of the Republican leader that we alternate now among the four Senators from the two States that are most affected by the horrendous tragedy yesterday, beginning, of course, with Senator Schumer and Senator Warner.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so ordered.

Mr. LOTT. Mr. President, I seek the recognition of the Chair to note that if I have to leave the floor, Senator Gregg will manage the time on our side.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under the order, the senior Senator from New York, Mr. Schumer, is recognized.

Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, I very much appreciate, first, the hundreds of expressions of the Members of this body and the heartfelt expressions of

[Page: S9286] grief to New Yorkers during our time of grief and our sadness. We need to move forward. When something this cataclysmic occurs, one's mind works at many, many different levels. It is very difficult to come to grips with such an intense and terrible tragedy, but we must; we have to. We seek as guidance the generations before us who had their tragedies, they who rose to the occasion. We must, as well.

There are many different levels of this tragedy. I will discuss four: the individual level, the level as a New Yorker, the level as an American, and the level of the world.

As an individual, our first thought goes to all who grieve. Last night in my city and State, there were thousands of dinner tables with a missing person. There were thousands of families waiting for that phone call, dialing their phones endlessly to try to find a loved one. I know a little bit of the angst they went through. I was in the gym when this occurred, getting ready to address the Supreme Court. I saw the picture of the first damage to the World Trade Center. At first, I said what most said: This must have been an accident, a little propeller plane that accidentally ran into the World Trade Center.

But the fire looked too large. Then we saw the second plane crash. Immediately, it hit me: My daughter attends high school within the shadow of the World Trade Center. Most of the pictures of the conflagration show her high school in the background. I reached my wife and for 2 hours we were in virtual panic, trying to locate her to see how she was. Then, praise God, she called and we were relieved. Those 2 hours

of pure misery are now being experienced tenfold, a hundredfold, a thousandfold by all of the families in New York and in Washington and in Boston and in California who have lost loved ones to this dastardly and disgusting act.

So we first think as individuals how this has affected the lives of all of us. Everyone in New York right now knows somebody who is missing. I know someone on the 104th floor who worked for the good firm of Cantor Fitzgerald. We can't find hardly anybody from that firm. He called his parents, told them he loved them, and they haven't heard from him since.

On television yesterday was the search of a mother and two daughters for their father and husband who worked in the World Trade Center restaurant. I have two daughters about the same age. We saw those little girls. There was almost nothing you could say. I have subsequently been told they found their father. Let us hope and pray that the others find their fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, friends. Let us hope and pray that this tragedy, which is already the largest tragedy we have experienced since World War II, is as minimal as possible. But our hearts go out to all of those who are suffering now. We are with them from one end of this country to the other.

Our city is a beautiful city. We have been bringing in people from all over the world for 300 years. In one generation we change them into Americans, and they sally forth around the country, adding vim and vigor and new ideas. That function of New York will never die. We are an international city and we love being an international city. We New Yorkers feel the loss of life as a whole, as a city.

Out my window in Brooklyn, the dominant scene, after the Statue of Liberty looking over the harbor, are the two towers. Not seeing them anymore, I feel violated. I feel that some horrible person has come in and taken something away from all of us as a city. But we will survive and we will prevail. We are New Yorkers. The diligent firefighters and police officers, many of whom have now passed, run ``to'' tragedy, not away from it; their job is to save.

It was told to me by many people that the lines to give blood went around block after block. People were waiting at 9 o'clock, at midnight, at 3 in the morning, standing in line because they knew blood was needed. This morning I am happy to tell my colleagues that the crisis, at least in terms of blood donation, is over. We do have enough blood.

I was told of the story of the merchant whose store was on the path from the World Trade Center North. He owned a shoe store. He stood outside and gave the fleeing women sneakers, just handing out sneakers, tennis shoes. He knew they couldn't run in their high heels. That is a New Yorker; and there are millions of us.

We are going to need your help. It has already been offered. I was gratified when the President called me yesterday afternoon and said this Nation will do anything it takes to help New York recover. I was gratified when just about every Member came over to me and to HILLARY and offered us the help that we will need. We need help immediately.

The FEMA Director, I believe, will be flying with us to New York early this afternoon to try to give help in terms of survival, in terms of the immediate rescue. We will need lots of help after that. We have suffered a huge, huge loss. Our financial industries have to recover, the lifeblood of the Nation and the world. I appreciate the offers. We will be counting on everyone here and in the other body and the White House.

As an American, make no mistake about it, we did wake up in a new world in America. It is a new era. Since World War II, we had the cold war. We had a brief respite, for 5, 7, 10 years. But we are now in a new era. There are forces against us, and they are in many corners of the world. They hate us for our freedom. They are against the very progress that we have made. They want to turn the clock all the way back to the Middle Ages. In the past, there have always been backward forces. But technology has given this group the power to affect our lives in ways we never before imagined.

Yes, this was a 21st century Pearl Harbor but a little different because they aimed at civilians, as they know our military is too strong. They are ultimately cowards and bullies. It is not a nation that does this, but it affects us. I say three things in that regard.

First, we are a resilient nation. We don't take anything on our knees. We will not take this. I assure the enemies of America, the enemies of freedom, the enemies of progress, of that.

Second, we must keep our freedoms as we do this. To constrict ourselves would give them the victory. And we must keep them.

Third, I say this to all Americans: let us not respond in a way that is unseemly of America. There are millions of Muslims and Arab Americans in America. They have different views than I do on the Middle East, staunchly different views. But they were not for this. Let us go after those who advocate terrorism and destruction but not after a whole people or nationality or religion. We have to avoid that. That is the American thing to do.

Finally, thinking as a world citizen, we are in a new world, interconnected but often nasty. Technology that has given us so much in the last 20 years has given this small group, these small groups, the ability to cause huge, huge damage. As with Pearl Harbor, we are affected directly. Unlike Pearl Harbor, there is no name or ZIP Code or address.

But the one common thread is this: If we stay as resolute as we did after Pearl Harbor, we will win this war. We can and we will, if we keep our resoluteness. As somebody involved in antiterrorism, I have seen us go through paroxysms after each incident--3 months, 6 months of attention and then business as usual. We cannot go back to business as usual. We will not win this war against those who seek to destroy our very way of life in a day or in a month or even a year. It is going to take several. If we are resolute, we will succeed.

They have their weaknesses and their pressure points. I was glad the President said we will not only go after the terrorists but those who harbor terrorists. This could not have been done without some help from countries. There are countries that aid terrorists. We know who they are. They are on the terrorist list. They should not remain immune from what happened. In fact, they are the weak pressure point of the groups that seek to hurt us and destroy us.

Some of these awful people who did this yesterday knew how to fly 757s. There was no 757 in the mountains of Afghanistan. How did they get access to learn to do this? These are the kinds of questions we have to ask in the next weeks and months ahead, if we do find, as all fingers seem to point, that is from where it came.

[Page: S9287] We have to do one other thing. We have to have our European allies know that this finger is not just pointed at us but at them. This idea that for temporary economic advantage they can continue to have strong economic relations with countries that help and abet and harbor terrorists must go out the window.

I was proud to speak to the President yesterday. I assured him something, and I think I speak for all of us: partisanship. Divisions are out the window. He will be our leader. He will come up with a plan. We will have advice and offer suggestions. But once that plan is arrived at, we will unite.

This is a long struggle. It is not an easy struggle. But because of our freedom, because of our American way of life, we will prevail.

In conclusion, this event will never leave us the same, not as individuals, not as New Yorkers, not as Americans, not as residents of the planet earth. But we can learn from it as we grieve. We can meet the challenge and rise to the next level of civilization. I am confident we will.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under the order previously entered, the senior Senator from Virginia, Mr. Warner, is recognized for not to exceed 10 minutes.

Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I thank my colleagues and commend our leadership. I want to pick up on the note of our distinguished colleague from New York. We will never be the same as a nation. That is true. We will be a better nation. We will be a stronger nation, as we step up to meet this challenge. Yesterday our great Nation, our people, suffered in a single day its greatest tragedy of a single day. Immediately thereafter, this Nation, arm in arm, embarked on what I think history will reflect is its finest hour--hours yesterday, today, and tomorrow, into the future.

Our Nation from coast to coast locked arms, irrespective of our backgrounds, our cultures, our faiths, our beliefs--indeed, our differences. We locked arms, united as a nation behind our President, behind our Government, putting full faith in our Government to lead us in this crisis.

I pray that our President, our Congress, the Governors of the States, right on down to the city councils, the police, the firemen who are working today, seize this opportunity and make our Nation even stronger and greater.

Our challenge here in our legislature, working with the President and others, will be to devise, yes, a strengthened security system in every walk of life for America, regrettably, every walk of life, with emphasis this morning on airports. But those of us who have worked in the area of terrorism know that airports, yes, are vulnerable, but there are many other areas in which we are vulnerable.

I am proud that the Senate Armed Services Committee, working with the other committees of this body, 3 years ago, when I was privileged to be chairman, instituted a special subcommittee solely dealing with those threats that are emerging against the United States of America. We have done a lot of work in this Congress. We have done our best to legislate and put our funds behind us. But now let us seize this opportunity to indeed make this Nation stronger.

Each of us will forever remember yesterday, where we were, what we did. Those of us who convened here yesterday morning then went to our staffs. I commend the leadership of the Congress, indeed, the police and others who had an orderly evacuation. I then called the Secretary of Defense, Don Rumsfeld and asked what could I do as the ranking member of the committee to show my full support for the men and women of the Armed Forces and the uniformed as well as the civilians. He said: JOHN, come over.

I called my colleague, the chairman, Senator Levin. We joined and went over and stayed the better part of 3 hours which I will never forget. The Secretary had us in the room, the chairman and I, the Joint Chiefs, the other staff. We watched the operations. The President called in. I watched the Secretary and the President. The Secretary handed me the phone and said: The President wishes to speak to you.

America will be proud of the manner in which our command and control of our military and indeed the executive branch functioned to address this crisis. That chapter will be written.

I said to my friend, the Secretary: I want very much, as a Senator from Virginia, to go and look at that area of the building that was struck.

He said: Of course. I will escort you. And that he did for

Senator Levin and I.

We went around that building, in which I spent over 5 years of the happiest days of my life in the Navy's secretariat. We speculated as far back as the late 1960s and 1970s how that building could be attacked. Yes, we thought of this scenario. But that is history.

There I saw that building and how that aircraft, Mr. President, was skillfully guided and piloted such as to penetrate that building through three or four of the rings. And as we are here today, the casualties we know not in number, but what we do know and what I saw, as I sat there but a few feet from the building, all around me were voluntary firemen, men and women, professional firemen and rescue men and women. Therein rests the greatness of our Nation as to how they responded and what they were doing, unselfishly, risking their own lives. We saw some coming out filled with smoke and debris but doing what they could to help those trapped, dead or otherwise, in that building.

Our colleagues from New York have most dramatically and compassionately described what has occurred in their State. We grieve with our citizens today who are suffering these losses, the dead, the injured, and their families. But America remains unbowed.

America is stronger. America is united. And we the leadership have our greatest challenge in this hour.

Again, as we pursue the legislative challenge to balance the magnificence of our Constitution, which has held us united--it remains the oldest continuously performing Republic in the world today--and balance the need of additional security against human rights, civil rights, and the rule of law, we will do it. Never before has our Congress been faced with a greater challenge to preserve one of the greatest parts of this Nation, and yet address the future.

Just a personal note, I remember World War II. I was a youngster in the early parts of it. My generation, at age 17, we all volunteered, in the fall of 1944, 1945. I became a sailor.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator's time has expired.

Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to proceed for 2 minutes.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator will proceed.

Mr. WARNER. I remember that period very well, how all Americans united. My generation of 17 and 18, we were prepared to do our part in the war. But I called my children yesterday and I said much has been said about the greatest generation, those who were privileged to serve in World War II, those who were here on the home front. This Nation pulled together, met our adversaries and emerged stronger.

I said, we may be remembered as the greatest generation, but my children and your children will become the greater generation because they will seize, with our leadership, the same challenge, the younger generation in America, and go beyond what we achieved in World War II. We will relentlessly pursue the enemy wherever they are, and we will carefully, under the rule of law, seek justice. We will prevail and become a stronger nation.

I thank this body for the privilege of addressing it and the Nation today.

Mr. REID. Mr. President, I make a unanimous consent request before the Senator from New York speaks.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from Nevada.

Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senate stand in recess between 12:30 p.m. and 1:45 p.m. today; that no amendments or motions be in order with respect to the pending resolution; that at 1:45 p.m. today, the joint resolution be read a third time, and the Senate vote without any intervening action or debate on passage of the joint resolution; that upon the completion of that vote, the Senate stand in recess until 3 p.m.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the several requests?

Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Reserving the right to object.

[Page: S9288] The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from California reserves the right to object.

Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I would like to ask the Senator, will we have opportunities to continue the line of speakers who were lined up before the vote on the resolution?

Mr. REID. I say to my friend from California that the leader, the two leaders have said that anyone who wants to speak on this resolution throughout the day should be able to do so. There are some schedules that have to be met, especially by the Senators from New York. They need to return to their State. We need to get the vote out of the way. There will be added opportunity to speak.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the several requests?

Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Further reserving the right to object, if I understand, then, the vote will be at 1:45, the Senate will go into recess until 3, and then the floor will be open to continue; is that correct?

Mr. REID. The Senator is right.

Mrs. FEINSTEIN. I thank the Chair.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the several requests?

Mr. WARNER. Reserving the right to object, could I ask the leadership, are we not, as a body, all 100 cosponsors? Has that parliamentary step been taken? If not, I ask unanimous consent that all Members of this body be cosponsors of the resolution.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection? Without objection, it is so ordered.

Under the previous order, the Senator from New York, the junior Senator, Mrs. Clinton, is recognized for not to exceed 10 minutes.

Mrs. CLINTON. Thank you, Mr. President. I thank my colleagues for their outpouring of support, their concerns, and their many offers of additional aid that has come to the rescue of our people as a result of this devastating tragedy.

Yesterday dawned a beautiful day in New York. My daughter told me it was one of those days where the sky was totally clear, there was a breeze, people were starting to line up at the polling places to vote because it was primary day, an election day, a continuation of the commitment to democracy and self-government that has set us apart from every society that has ever existed because of the longevity of our democracy and the will of our people to constantly renew themselves.

New Yorkers went from standing in line to vote to standing in line to donate blood in just a few hours. I do not think any of us will ever get out of our minds the images we saw on television of the plane going into the first tower, the plane going into the second tower, and the plane going into the Pentagon, but there were tens of thousands of our fellow Americans, people who live in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut, people literally from every part of our country and, indeed, the world for whom this was not an event they watched in horror on television but lived through and in too many instances did not survive.

We are beginning to find out what that was like. CHUCK and I have a lot of friends who worked in those towers, who worked in the center, and worked nearby. We are hearing the stories of husbands and wives grabbing cell phones and calling home to say: I love you; goodbye.

We know, and I assure every person in this body, in the House, and many, many of our fellow citizens, when we finally know the names of those killed and injured, they will know someone.

This was an attack on New York, but it was really an attack on America. I have been very gratified, as I know that CHUCK has and all of our colleagues in the House, by the strong support we have received from the President. I am very grateful. We have expressed our appreciation.

CHUCK and I will be going to New York this afternoon with FEMA, and we could not ask for more than we have received in the immediate aftermath of this horrific attack.

We are by no means anywhere near the end of what it will take to continue the search and rescue efforts. We are finding people even as we speak. Yet we know there is a very grim task ahead to do everything we can to find every person, to account for every single person who went to work. That is all they did. They went to work on a beautiful September day in New York.

We will also stand united behind our President as he and his advisers plan the necessary actions to demonstrate America's resolve and commitment, not only to seek out an exact punishment on the perpetrators but to make very clear that not only those who harbor terrorists but those who in any way give any aid or comfort whatsoever will now face the wrath of our country.

I hope that message has gotten through to everywhere it needs to be heard: You are either with America in our time of need or you are not.

We also stand united behind our resolve, as this resolution so clearly states, to recover and rebuild in the aftermath of these tragic acts. New York was not an accidental choice for these mad men, these terrorists, these instruments of evil.

They deliberately chose to strike at a city which is a

global city. It is the city of the 21st century. It epitomizes who we are as Americans. So this in a very real sense was an attack on America, on our values, on our power, on who we are as a people. I know, because I know America, that America will stand behind New York, that America will offer whatever resources, aid, comfort, or support that New Yorkers and New York require because the greatest rebuke we can offer to those who attack our way of life is to demonstrate clearly we are not cowed in any way whatsoever.

I hope that within a short period of time, I say to Senator WARNER, we see scaffolding on the side of the Pentagon. After we finish the search and rescue and recovery work that is being carried out heroically there, I hope we all see a clear signal that we are rebuilding, that our defenses are more resolute than ever.

I hope similarly that lower Manhattan has the same kind of image to project because the reality will be that we are rebuilding and reconstructing and making clear that just as our military might is unchallenged and uncowed, so are our economic, our social, our political values epitomized by New York.

I have expressed my strong support for the President, not only as the Senator from New York but as someone who for 8 years had some sense of the burdens and responsibilities that fall on the shoulders of the human being we make our President. It is an awesome and at oftentimes awful responsibility for any person. I know we are up to it, I know we are ready for it, and I know that everyone in this body represents every American in making clear that we are united and stronger than ever.

It is with a heavy heart--really a sense of heartbreak--that I rise today in support of this resolution, but it is also with a great sense of pride, first in the people of New York who responded as New Yorkers always do when times get tough. There was not a sense of panic. There was order, and there was an immediate outpouring of help. Those men and women whom we sent in to rescue our fellow Americans--there is no way adequately to express our gratitude to our firefighters, our police officers, our emergency personnel, our doctors and nurses and medical personnel. They responded at the height of a tragic, unexpected attack with the kind of grit and courage we expect from New Yorkers.

To all of those who are missing a loved one, there are no words any of us can express except to tell you in the clearest possible terms: We will in a united American response support you, offer assistance to you, stand with you, and pursue those who reached deep into your families and homes yesterday and took someone you loved away from you.

There will be a lot of work ahead of us in this body and in the House, and we will pursue that. I am grateful for the support we have received. Thank you very much.

(Applause.)

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. NELSON of Florida). The Senator from Delaware, the manager of the resolution.

END

TERRORIST ATTACKS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES--Continued -- (Senate - September 12, 2001)

[Page: S9289] --- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the previous order, the Senator from Virginia is recognized for up to 10 minutes.

The Senator from Virginia.

Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, my fellow Members of the Senate, this is a very sad day as we witness all of the implications and tragedies and lives lost from yesterday's dastardly terrorist attacks on the United States.

Yesterday's attacks were attacks not just on the United States and our particular Commonwealth of Virginia or State of New York, it is an attack on freedom-loving people and everything we stand for as a unique and great nation.

On Monday afternoon, Senator Boxer and I were ready to introduce a resolution condemning the suicide bombings in the Middle East.

We would have introduced that resolution on Monday, but wanted to include another clause recognizing the attacks in Israel on Sunday. We now see with great shock and horror, that the United States is obviously not impervious to these suicide bombings and such attacks.

What we need to do now is coalesce, coalesce as a people with our shared beliefs, coalesce to comfort those who have lost loved ones and then also determine where we need to go to move forward to try to prevent such acts from occurring in the future. Our goal and focus right now must be on the rescue, hoping there are those who are still alive. Secondly, we need to find as many details and information as to how our security was breached so as to hopefully prevent it in the future. And thirdly of course, hold those who are responsible accountable and bring them to justice.

We are hearing stories just in the first day of great heroes. Heroes in New York. People who knew that the building was going to collapse, but nevertheless stayed there trying to usher people out. On C-SPAN this morning, one of those who was just a volunteer helper knew what was going on, where those who were emergency and federal FBI agents were as well, knowing that the building was going to collapse, staying there knowing those were the last minutes of their life trying to save people.

The same was happening in Virginia where we have lost many lives, untold numbers, as of yet, at the Pentagon as well as the passengers on flight 77 flying from Dulles, VA, that was hijacked and crashed into the Pentagon.

There are great stories of bravery, with people going above and beyond what is expected, and that should give us comfort as a nation. This tragedy has affected many lives, and we still don't know how many lives. It will probably take a week if not weeks to determine how many lives have been lost. Even in the small neighborhood where we live, where my daughter goes to middle school, children were crying because their parents work at the Pentagon. Others work at Fort Belvoir and there was worry that Fort Belvoir was being hit. There's only maybe a couple of dozen houses in our development, but a youngster--who came by our house to get to know my children, his father was on Flight 77.

So, as the days go forward, we are all going to be learning these stories of innocent people whose lives have been lost and the families that will forever be scarred with the loss of that loved one. Our thoughts and prayers must be with those families. Whether they're in New York or people who are from Connecticut or New Jersey, people from Virginia, here in the D.C. area, I'm sure there are folks from Maryland and the District, clearly people from Massachusetts were on the hijacked flight from Boston. Clearly a lot of people from California, since the destination of all of those flights was to be California.

This is truly a day that will live in infamy. History will record these as the most violent, insane, cowardly acts that have ever been perpetrated on our homeland in the United States of America. We need to be united, coalesced as Americans, but also with our allies in our resolve, our resolve to pursue these cowardly conspirators who perpetrated these murderous acts.

In our response to justice, we need to be sure, we need to be swift, and we need to be severe. In my view, we have allowed terrorism to go on too long, thinking that we could be immune from it. But nevertheless, we need to recognize that we're going to have to wage warfare.

These people have struck against the symbol of American

strength and power. They are not, though, going to be able to weaken the will of the people of the United States. We will stay united, defending our interests and our principles. We will also stick together, not just as Virginians and New Yorkers, but as Americans aiding and helping the families who have lost loved ones in whatever they can do.

The senior Senator from Virginia, JOHN WARNER, and I will work together to make sure that for those Federal employees that the Government is doing all they can as well as for the civilian employees. And it is not just as Virginians. I know that the Presiding Officer, sitting there from Florida, cares just as much as anybody else does.

And so we are all going to stick together in that regard. We do need to learn from this, though. And as we learn, we must make sure that as we learn the facts, we do not allow these attacks to succeed in tempting us in any way to diminish what makes us a great nation. And what makes us a great nation is that this is a country that understands that people have God-given rights and liberties. And we cannot--in our efforts to bring justice--diminish those liberties.

Clearly, this is not a simple, normal criminal case. This is an act of war, and those rules apply. But at home and domestically, we need to make sure that we are not tempted to abrogate any civil rights such as habeas corpus or protections against unreasonable searches and seizures, or the freedom of expression and peaceable assembly, freedom of religion. And just because somebody may come from an ethnic background, that means nothing. They are American citizens. And so let's make sure that in our anger and in our efforts to bring justice, we remember our basic foundational civil liberties and do not abrogate them.

We are a nation of laws, of good-hearted people, of loving people. And so I would say in closing, Mr. President, let's make sure we pray for and comfort those who have lost loved ones.

Let's get the facts, move swiftly and properly. But most importantly, as Americans, let's stay strong. Let's stay resolved, and let's keep moving forward. Because, indeed, all the world is watching, not just the Senate; they are watching the United States and Americans. What will their response be? Let's keep moving forward. We are the beacon for freedom-loving people in the world, sticking together we will persevere. We will bring justice. And we will come out safer and stronger in the end.

Thank you, Mr. President.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Delaware, the manager of the resolution.

Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, I yield myself up to 10 minutes to speak.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator is recognized.

Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, I cannot think of any other legislative body in the world where we would hear the speech we just heard by the junior Senator from Virginia, where his heart is aching, many in his constituency have died. Part of the building in his State is still burning.

In the ultimate American way, he called at the end of his speech for not abrogating the basic cherished liberties that this Nation has. I doubt whether one would hear that in any other assembly in the world after such an attack, and I compliment him for it.

My heart and my sympathy go out to our colleagues from New York and Virginia in particular, but all those who

[Page: S9290] have had their fellow citizens and their constituents victimized by this act. This is a time to mourn but not to despair, a time for resolve but not remorse, a time for sober investigation and not recrimination, and a time to unite, not to debate. Some have said yesterday and today that all has changed, all has changed for America. I know what they mean by that, and I respect their view, but I pray that is not true. I pray that is not true. I pray my junior colleague from Virginia is correct when he says the one thing we cannot allow to change is the values upon which this country is built, for if that were to occur, then they would be able to declare victory, genuine victory.

I predict one thing has changed, though. I respectfully suggest the way of life of present and future terrorists has changed forever. The future of organized terrorist cells is about to welcome the 21st Century in a way they never anticipated, for in this dastardly act they may have done what no other group of people could possibly have done, and that is to unite the civilized world, unite our allies in Europe who share our values, unite our Russian friends, our Chinese friends, unite the world, because that image of that plane smashing into the second tower has reverberated around the world and every leader in every country can picture the same thing happening in their nation.

I recently visited China with three of my colleagues. They have buildings in China as tall or taller than the World Trade Center. I can picture the President of China sitting there envisioning the same thing happening. So I do not think all of a sudden there has been a conversion of democratic zeal on the part of those who are not often thought of as our allies to resolve with us to fight worldwide terrorism, but it is a reflection of the reality that the world has changed in a way that we all are vulnerable.

A further reality is that no one could have undertaken this very well planned, and regrettably well executed, terrorist act without an extensive network, without a place in which to plan it that was within earshot and eyesight of some country, without some people who, by their inaction at a minimum and their complicity, allowed this to occur. There will be very few places to hide, I predict, from this moment on, for these are not the acts of a single man or a single woman. They are and they were and they will, if they try again, have to be well planned, well funded, and widely supported by dozens upon dozens of individuals and individual leaders.

In speaking to the President, the Secretary of State, and other leaders in the administration, they are impressed by what they believe to be the heartfelt, sincere, and resolute offers of support to deal with terrorism that not only come from expected quarters such as England, France, Germany, Italy, and our European allies but from unexpected quarters.

The word should go out to those who pretend they wish to be our friends that they are going to have to make some very difficult choices. Pakistan in particular is going to have to make a very difficult choice, very soon, for we are counting. We are counting and we are looking. Words will not be sufficient. Actions will be demanded.

All of us say we will never let this happen again. Well, the act of a single individual strapping explosives to their body is probably something no one can ever guarantee will not happen, but dealing with well organized, well-funded, well-coordinated, massive actions is something that can be done only in a multilateral way, only internationally.

No matter what we do, if we fail to lead the world in a multilateral unity of absolute resolve, I say to you, sadly, that this could happen again. But I am convinced it will not.

Today, as it has for 212 years, the U.S. Congress has convened. Two miles down Pennsylvania Avenue, President Bush sits in the Oval Office leading the executive branch and the country in a wide-ranging investigation to find those who committed these barbarous acts. Around this city and around New York, dedicated public servants are back at their desks in Federal office buildings doing the people's business. New York--the city that never sleeps--has worked around the clock in search of survivors, and they will find some. Around the Nation, citizens of every age, every race, and every religion grieve for their fellow citizens. But they stand united. They stand united in support of our Nation, which has endured over two centuries against all enemies, foreign and domestic. They stand united in readiness to answer the call for their fellow neighbors. As Senator Clinton and Senator Schumer pointed out, they lined the blocks in New York City to give blood. I would be dumbfounded if you did not see black faces, Asian faces, Hispanic, every race, and every religion standing in that line. They stand united in support of the President of the United States, as do all of us here in the Senate.

Much will be said today and in the days ahead about the appropriate responses to these heinous acts. But for now let me just say this. This is not a struggle over ideology. This is not a struggle over religion. This is a struggle between civilization and barbarity.

Let there be no doubt that the United States and civilized nations of the world will unite and win this struggle. Our enemies will not, and can not, defeat us. This country will go on, deeply wounded by the loss of so many but strengthened by our resolve and our commitment to sustain this great democracy.

I see in this cataclysmic tragedy the beginning of the end of organized and legitimized terrorist activities.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from New Hampshire, the Republican manager of the resolution, is recognized for 10 minutes.

Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, I yield 10 minutes to the Senator from Pennsylvania, Mr. Santorum.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Pennsylvania is recognized for 10 minutes.

Mr. SANTORUM. Mr. President, I thank the Senator from Delaware. I want to say to the Senator from Delaware, those are very eloquent and appropriate and I think appropriately forceful remarks. I am in agreement with every word he said. I think you are going to see today the U.S. Senate in agreement. Everyone is standing up in support of each other and in support of the President and the people. We are here for them. We are meeting today. We are meeting for them. I think it is an important sign that this beacon of freedom is open and that the U.S. Senate, the greatest deliberative body in the world, is meeting, talking, and I hope acting today, tomorrow, and for the weeks and months to come this year.

My wife, Karen, and I, and our whole family, watched television yesterday, just in amazement, in grief, in sorrow, and in tears. We went to church and prayed. We didn't know what else to do but go to church and pray that somehow and in some way people would survive this horrible tragedy.

It has been a very difficult time for a lot of us. It has been a horrible time for the people of New York and the people in northern Virginia.

We are committed, as you heard the President say today, to do everything we can here in Washington, DC, to help those who are struggling and to support those who are doing heroic things in Pennsylvania trying to recover what is left of the plane that

crashed in Pennsylvania. And of course in New York as well, there are incredible stories of heroism, and at the Pentagon in northern Virginia. Our sympathies and our support go out to all of those men and women and their families.

I think it is important for us to know, as the Senator from Delaware said, that things should not change here in America. I could not agree with him more. Things must not change with respect to our freedom and our democracy. But there are certain things that must change. I think the Senator from Delaware hit the nail on the head when he said that our actions towards terrorists must change.

What happened yesterday was not merely a hijacking of a domestic airline flight. What happened yesterday was an enemy missile loaded with explosives--11,000 gallons of jet fuel--that exploded into targets here in the United States of America. It was an act of war. It was an enemy missile that was directed at our country. We must respond accordingly to this act of war--to those who perpetrated it. We are at war with terrorists and with those nations that harbor them, that finance them, and that in any way encourage and support them. I think it is important that we say so here in the

[Page: S9291] United States Senate, at some point, that this is war with the forces of evil that attacked this country. This is not--and I can't stress this more strongly--a time merely to bring people to justice. It is a time to wage war and win a war against those who committed this act, and against those who harbor those who committed this act, and against those who support and encourage those who committed this act.

In the U.S. Senate, there are things we can do, sensible things we can do, to support our President and to support the American people.

First, as I mentioned before, we can support the American people right now with the resources they need to try to find survivors and repair the damage that was caused in this country.

Second, we need to bring up the Defense authorization bill and the Defense appropriations bill right now. We need to make sure we have the necessary tools in place to be able to defend our country. We need to look at the intelligence and counterintelligence operations of this country and determine soon whether we should enhance that capability, which is obviously insufficient. We here in the United States Senate must do something about it. We must do something about it now. It is important for us to come together at a time of national crisis and emergency, when our country is threatened, to pass the necessary bills for our Government to fight the war in which it will be engaged during the coming weeks, months--and maybe longer.

We need to make sure we have the diplomatic representation to represent us, as the Senator from Delaware said, and I agree with him 100 percent, we need to form an international coalition. We need a U.N. Ambassador. We do not have an Ambassador to the United Nations. I cannot think of a more important time since the U.N. was created that we need an Ambassador to the United Nations. And we don't have one. That nomination is sitting in the Foreign Relations Committee. I hope we can get that nomination to the floor as quickly as possible so we can begin the very important work the Senator from Delaware has laid out in building a coalition necessary to fight this terrible scourge that has attacked this country.

Finally, we need to do something about our energy needs. Members have told me about places in America where they were charging $3 to $5 a gallon for gasoline yesterday. Yes. Energy will be a very important issue for this country, and very soon. We need to consider this bill. Particularly if we are engaged in fighting terrorism around the world, we need to have more domestic security. We need domestic energy security.

These are the kinds of things I hope we in the Senate can join together to pass measures that are important and to prepare ourselves for the war ahead. This is a time for us to begin to put the building blocks in place so we can engage in a war against those who attacked this country. I am hopeful, in fact I am confident, that we can do so in a bipartisan way, in a way that will lend great honor and credibility to this great institution.

Thank you, Mr. President.

Mr. BIDEN. Mr. President, I yield to the Senator from Connecticut.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Connecticut is recognized for 10 minutes.

Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I thank the chairman.

I want to begin by thanking my colleague from Delaware for not only his managing this resolution but also for his eloquent remarks a few moments ago.

I also commend the distinguished majority leader, Senator DASCHLE, and the distinguished minority leader, Senator Lott, and their respective leadership teams for the dignity and manner in which they conducted business in this body yesterday. I also commend the President of the United States for his very eloquent remarks last evening to the Nation.

I commend Don Rumsfeld, Secretary of Defense for his efforts yesterday and for staying on the job while the Pentagon was burning. I know there were probably those on his staff and elsewhere who urged him to leave. I presume they made a good case for it. But I admire the fact that Don Rumsfeld stayed on the job yesterday to be with the men and women who were there--the injured, those who lost their lives, not to mention those who are fighting the blaze and trying to bring that incredible scene under control.

This is a very sad time. It has been said by others here this morning, and it will be said repeatedly this afternoon. There are no words I can utter in these next few moments that will serve to lessen the sense of loss that all of us feel as Americans. There is a sense of poignancy to all of this, obviously, if you are from New York. If you had a loved one who worked at the Pentagon, there is a special dimension. And, if you had a loved one on one of the four aircraft yesterday that left Newark, Boston, or Dulles there is a special hurt today. Truly, there is a human dimension to this that we don't have the ability to understand yet.

It is a God-given blessing during moments such as this that human beings are incapable of fully understanding and appreciating the depth of loss immediately. It will take days--or longer.

Oftentimes what we see with families when a person very close to them is lost, is that in the immediate hours and days after that loss, they function because they have to in order to manage affairs. But the true impact of loss is sometimes not felt for days and weeks afterwards. I think our country is in that state this very day.

So, I want to take a few minutes to talk about that human dimension. There will be plenty of time for us to debate bills on the floor of the Senate and to discuss the priorities we ought to have and who should be held responsible. But the human dimension of all of this is something I haven't been able to get my hands around in these last 24 hours. I just can't imagine what it must be like to be one of the victims of these terrorist acts, or to know that there is a loved one trapped somewhere in those buildings in lower Manhattan, or to be the family of a service man or woman who knows that just a few blocks from here their husband, wife, father, sibling, child, or neighbor is lying in the rubble of the Pentagon, or to be the family of one of the passengers on the planes hijacked yesterday. I can't begin to imagine.

I want to start by telling those families that every one of us here in Congress wishes there were some way we could express our sense of grief for you. In the days and weeks to come we will try to do that in ways that are meaningful.

I would also like to mention the firemen and policemen. We were told last evening that we don't know what the numbers of emergency personnel lost are. There may be several hundreds who lost their lives as they raced into those 110-storey buildings while trying to bring relief to others only to lose their lives in the collapse of those buildings.

Again, for those of you who watched the tragedy last year in Wooster, MA, or other places where firemen and emergency services people have given their lives, I suppose in one sense it is not a surprise that the dedication we saw yesterday is seen so frequently around the country, but particularly because of the magnitude of the events yesterday, we are struck by it.

And as Senator Biden, Senator Schumer, Senator Clinton, and Senator Warner mentioned in their very fine remarks this morning, the people who donated blood and who are offering services deserve our respect and admiration. So I express my gratitude to all of them.

We have to respond to yesterday's events, and we will. I have no doubt of this. However, building the kind of international cooperation necessary to do so is awfully difficult. Indeed, if there is a slight glimmer of a silver lining to this tragedy, it may be in the responses our President received yesterday from almost every civilized head of state around the globe--responses of support. Maybe in all of this tragedy and rubble, the possibility that the kind of response the world has been seeking for so many years may emerge like a phoenix from these ashes, and we will be able to forge the kinds of relationships that allow us to stamp out this cancer that has been with us for far too many years in Beirut, in the Marine barracks in Saudi Arabia, and other places. I saw the list of victims of past terrorist attacks the other day. It

[Page: S9292] is many pages long--not of the magnitude we saw yesterday, but nonetheless, cumulatively hundreds and thousands of people lost their lives at the hands of fanatics who believe the loss of innocent life is a justifiable means to achieve their extreme ends. So maybe--just maybe--if there is any solace we can offer to the families of the people who have lost their lives, out of this we will begin to deal effectively with the scourge of terrorism. I hope that is the case. I hope the President will work on that, and I know we here in Congress will. It will be important that in the context of being in a rush to respond to this--and there is a passion we all feel that makes one want to strike out and grab somebody and make them pay for what they did that we temper our anger. I hope we have enough sense now to know that when we strike, it needs to be right because the coalition that we need to build to respond to this requires that we act smartly, intelligently, and correctly. If we don't, we run the risk of fracturing the very kind of coalition that will be necessary.

These terrorists had a remarkable success yesterday. They utilized American planes and American fuel to use as their bombs. That they went into three major airports, 15 or 20 people, I am told, in teams of 3 or 5, and commandeered 4 aircraft and attacked 2 major sites, economically and militarily, and apparently had a target of a third, politically, is a stunning, stunning set of circumstances. We need to get some answers. Today may not be the day to get them, but I know my colleagues and millions of Americans have questions on their minds. People will have to answer how this could occur in the country.

Yet, I come back to the notion of the human element of all of this, and the human element also requires that I speak to those who are Muslims in our country. There has been a lot of chatter over the last 24 hours of who is responsible here--Islamic fundamentalists, Islamic extremists? I don't know if that is right or wrong. I am not privy to that information. But I urge those who want to provide answers to this question to be careful. You only had to listen to the words of DAN INOUYE to understand why we should not vilify all members of an ethnic group for the sins of a few individuals. You only need to walk a block away from here to a monument commemorating the imprisonment of thousands of people of Japanese descent 60 years ago. We have wonderful citizens here who are Muslims and

practice the Islamic faith. I fear that sometimes in our momentary passions we can indict some wonderful Americans, wonderful people, innocent children in this country who were raised in a very proud and serious religion. So we need to be cautious about the rhetoric we use and the fingers we point before we have the facts before us.

Lastly, I say this. I see my friend and colleague from Texas on the floor. On Monday afternoon about 4 o'clock I got a call from a former colleague of ours, Bob Kerrey. He called me from a delivery room in New York to tell me that an hour and a half earlier he became the proud father of a young man named Henry. My colleague from Texas and her wonderful husband have taken on a magnificent responsibility--recently adopting the great love of their lives, Bailey Hutchison. I am going to leave here momentarily and go with my wife to Arlington to see her doctor. We are expecting a new arrival. I can't tell you how proud I am of that blessed event.

I want to end on this note and say to young Henry and to Bailey and to my yet unborn child that we are going to build a world for you that is deserving of the kind of place you ought to have. Previous generations did it for us. Certainly, those of our colleagues who served in World War II, Vietnam, Korea, made it possible for us to live in a land of peace and democracy. Our responsibility is no less to future generations. The words ``an act of war'' have been used. I agree with that. We need to respond to this and to build the kind of society to sustain our democratic values, which we have embraced for more than 200 years, through trials and tribulations. To Henry, Bailey, and to this yet unborn child of mine, we commit to you that you will live in a peaceful world. That is our common goal. I thank the Senator.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Carolina.

Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, I yield up to 10 minutes to the distinguished Senator from Texas.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Texas is recognized up to 10 minutes.

Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I cannot think of a more appropriate way to end a speech than the ending that was just given by the Senator from Connecticut--talking about my daughter, talking about his future daughter or son, talking about our former colleague Bob Kerrey's new son.

Every time we reflect upon World War I or World War II or the Korean War or Vietnam or Desert Storm, I am reminded that it is our responsibility to keep the zeal for freedom alive, which was paid for by the blood of so many. I certainly will be committed, along with Senator Dodd and everyone in the Senate, to making sure that my daughter, Bailey, has the opportunity to live in the same wonderful country that I have been able to grow up in and love.

In the coming days and weeks, we are going to be talking about specifics on how we deal with this tragedy. In fact, there are some things coming out now to show that we are acting decisively. I was very proud of the President in giving the order immediately to shut down air traffic in New York, and then throughout America, within minutes of the second terrorist act on the World Trade Center it was then clear that it was terrorism. We shut down every airport and grounded every plane in America. I believe that was exactly the right thing to do and it was only the first response.

Today, the FAA issued an order banning all knives from air crafts brought on by passengers or in carry-on luggage. It used to be you could take a knife on an airplane that was shorter

than 4 inches, like the kind many people carry on keyrings. That will no longer be allowed. I am glad the FAA took that immediate action because we know from early reports that those were the weapons used by these terrorists. The FAA has also ended curbside baggage checks. Everything they are doing is right for our country right now.

Later this week I am going to introduce legislation to reinstitute the random sky marshal program. Reinstitution of this program will have U.S. law enforcement personnel randomly assigned to flights to help ensure our safety. These are some of the many things we will address.

I was talking to Senator Warner and Senator Allen this morning about legislation that would allow the vesting for retirement purposes of military personnel who have died in the line of duty such as the many victims at the Pentagon yesterday.

I think their surviving spouse should receive survivors retirement benefits commensurate with the number of years they have served, which is not presently the law. Senator Warner is going to push that bill through the Armed Services Committee because of his great leadership position and because his constituents are so affected.

Many people are in dire straits right now, not knowing what their future is because of the number of people we lost yesterday serving our country in the Pentagon. We are going to see some measures coming forward in the next few days and weeks and months to try to address the many issues that are now occurring because of yesterday's tragedy.

Today, however, is more of a solemn moment. It is a moment of horror, a moment of grief, a moment of tragedy, and a moment for reflection. It is a moment which really can't be described, but we all understand because we feel.

It was once said that ``democracy is based upon the conviction that there are extraordinary possibilities in ordinary people.'' We saw that yesterday--for evil and for good.

Yesterday's attack stunned our Nation, shocked a people, and destroyed lives and buildings. The blasts and collapse were felt across our Nation, both physically and emotionally. But they did not destroy our spirit, they did not destroy our faith, and they will never destroy our belief in freedom.

Yesterday was filled with images of horror and unspeakable evil, but also of the American spirit, as individuals and a nation rose to the occasion, met the crisis head on, came together to rescue fellow citizens, and also to show

[Page: S9293] a united front to those who are trying to intimidate us. Ronald Reagan once said, ``No crisis is beyond the capacity of our people to solve; no challenge too great.'' We are proving that to be true. Already we are being touched and inspired by the actions of ordinary people rising to the extraordinary circumstances and proving that they are heroes.

To those who did this and to those who support them: No, we will never give up. We will never back down. And we will never let anyone destroy our spirit. Freedom is too great--protecting freedom transcends all other of our duties.

That is why we, the Congress, present to you to the Nation and to the world a united front. A front united by grief, horror, and a firm resolve to do our job to provide for the common defense. It is our constitutional obligation, but it is also our personal determination.

As we, the Members of Congress, stood on the Capitol steps last night, my colleagues and I were of one mind and one heart.

We will remain so.

Just one person started singing ``God Bless America,'' and every Member of Congress just joined in spontaneously.

We are one with those who are struggling desperately to survive, with those fighting courageously to rescue others, with those waiting hopefully for news of loved ones--and with those committed to punish those responsible.

This is not just an official resolve; it is also personal, and every one of us is going to have a personal story.

Yesterday I spent hours on the telephone calling hospitals. Each one of my staff members had a different hospital to call every 30 minutes, looking for the husband of one of my staffers whose office was located in the Pentagon at the exact impact point of the crash. He finally was able to get through to her, and he was OK. He was one of the lucky ones.

But there were those who were not so lucky, such as my friend, whom I loved dearly, Barbara Olson; that courageous young woman who had so much spunk, who called her husband Ted from the airplane that hit the Pentagon with a cell phone, and gave us our first indication of what was happening and how this was unfolding.

Hope is the strength of an individual; it is the strength of a nation. Though nothing in our history compares to this horrifying event, nothing in our character will let us lose hope or let us be consumed by fear.

We are the very beacon of freedom for the entire world--and we will not let cowards extinguish that light. Through the darkness, through the debris, through the clouds of dust, that light still shines, and from it, freedom and hope will continue to reign across the world.

I thank the Chair and yield back my time.

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. LINCOLN). The Senator from Delaware.

Mr. BIDEN. Madam President, I yield to Senator Dorgan, who is next on our list.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Dakota is recognized for up to 10 minutes.

Mr. DORGAN. Madam President, I listened to my colleague from Texas and I share her sentiments. There are unique moments in history, that are too often born of tragedy, when Americans stand together with a relentless determination to combat the forces of evil, and to reaffirm that our freedom is secure. This, regrettably, is one of those moments.

Cowards struck innocent men, women, and children yesterday, but really all of America was their target. It was clearly an act of war, committed by madmen, directed against our country.

Our hearts are broken, but our spirit is not. And the world should know that we will not give in to terrorists.

Last evening, when I drove home from the Capitol at about 11 in the evening, clouds of black and gray smoke billowed from the Pentagon where one of those acts of terrorism occurred. This morning, when I come back to the Capitol at about 7 a.m., smoke still rose from the ashes of the Pentagon.

Only F-16s and F-15s flew over our country's capital and in the airspace above New York City.

All of America is affected by this deed in a very dramatic way--from young folks to old folks.

Last evening, when I arrived home at about 11 o'clock, my 14-year-old son heard the door close, got out of bed, and came up to me and said: Dad, what happened? Who did this?

I told my son--and all of us in Congress will tell America--that we will search for, find, and punish those responsible for these acts of terrorism. That is our pledge.

We must now wage war on terrorism. And we must ask all the other countries in the world who believe in freedom as we do to join us in this effort to eradicate terrorism.

Terrorist camps cannot be allowed to continue to train terrorists. Countries that harbor terrorist camps must, as the President said, pay a price for harboring them. We must rededicate ourselves to those tasks.

Yesterday, I thought about the carnage that has occurred in our country, and the thousands of people who have undoubtedly lost their lives because of these acts of terrorism. It reminded me again of why our country has such an enormous burden of responsibility to lead the world, and especially why we need to lead the world in combating the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, in cutting the number of nuclear weapons, and in stopping the spread of nuclear weapons.

Yesterday it was a commercial airliner full of jet fuel. In the future it could be a vial of deadly biological agents that can kill a million people. Or it could be a suitcase nuclear device in the trunk of a rusty car parked on a dock in one of America's largest cities.

If ever we must understand our world leadership responsibility to stop the spread of nuclear and biological weapons, it is now.

Over a century ago, after the carnage of the Battle of Gettysburg, Abraham Lincoln said:

......we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain--that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Today, in this time and in this place, we should let those words from nearly 140 years ago again inspire our nation's steely resolve that those who died yesterday did not die in vain.

America's response to the deadly crime that took them from us will be dedicated to destroying the ability of terrorists to wage this kind of war, and giving those who live a new birth of freedom from the fear and the impact of terrorist acts.

Today the U.S. Congress says to those in New York, in Virginia at the Pentagon, in Pennsylvania, and all around America--those who lost their lives, those who loved them, their relatives, their friends--You are not alone. Our country grieves with you. And our country reaches out to you. You are not alone.

Finally, Madam President, Shakespeare wrote:

Grief hath changed me since you saw me last.

We are all changed. Yesterday changed all of us. Our world has changed since yesterday. We all carry the heavy burden of grief, and we all carry the responsibility today to ensure that our response is swift, severe, and just. And we all carry the opportunity today to hold high the torch of freedom, and to say to the world: Yes, America's heart is broken, but America's spirit will not bend.

I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Carolina.

Mr. HELMS. Madam President, I yield to Senator Specter and will reclaim my 10 minutes after him.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Pennsylvania.

Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, I thank my distinguished colleague from North Carolina for yielding.

Madam President, today's resolution speaks in the strongest terms condemning yesterday's cowardly act of terrorism. Tomorrow, we must do more to bring the perpetrators to justice and take steps to see to it that such terrorism never occurs again.

While there have been many public comments pointing to the so called signature of Osama (aka ``Usama'') bin Laden as to yesterday's terrorist attacks, we cannot, consistent with our values, make any judgments until we know more. But what we do know is that Osama bin Laden has been at war with the United States since 1989. We know that in indictments returned by the United States District Court for

[Page: S9294] the Southern District of New York, going back to 1998 when Osama bin Laden and his coconspirators in al Qaeda were indicted for killing 18 U.S. soldiers and wounding 73 others in Mogadishu in 1993. So Osama bin Laden has been at war with the United States for a long time. We know further that Osama bin Laden was indicted again by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in 1998 for the attacks on U.S. Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, where at least 213 people were killed, and in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, where 11 people were killed.

Prior to 1986, the United States did not have jurisdiction to try terrorists in U.S. courts for acts committed overseas. But following the murders of many people, including U.S. citizens in the Rome and Vienna airports in December of 1985, I introduced legislation which became the Terrorist Prosecution Act of 1986, an act providing for the death penalty for anyone who assaulted, maimed, or murdered a U.S. citizen anywhere in the world, which provided the legal nexus for trying these defendants in a U.S. court.

Now, as a result of that legislation, these indictments have been brought against Osama bin Laden and his terrorist group known as al Qaeda.

For a fuller understanding of the way bin Laden has waged war against the United States, I ask unanimous consent that the pertinent excerpts of these very lengthy indictments be printed in the RECORD.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

(See Exhibit 1.)

Mr. SPECTER. Madam President, there have been many declarations that what occurred yesterday with the trade towers and the Pentagon were acts of war. And there is no doubt about that. Similarly, what bin Laden did in Mogadishu in 1993 and in the Embassies in 1998 were acts of war. At this time, while the Congress should never act precipitously, I do suggest that consideration be given to a declaration of war against the political entity which harbors and has given aid and assistance to bin Laden's terrorist organization and bin Laden and his coconspirators, based on the indictments which already have been handed down, to which I have referred.

I do not propose to decide this issue today, but I do think it is important that research and factual analysis should begin.

More needs to be done than the resolution of today, which is very important, on condemnation of the terrorism of yesterday and the expressions of sympathy to the victims and their families, those who were on the planes, the passengers and the crew, and those in the Pentagon and the trade towers. But where we do know, without prejudging yesterday's events, that bin Laden's terrorist organization has been indicted for acts of terrorism, murdering U.S. soldiers, blowing up our Embassies, it is time to act.

Bin Laden is at war with the United States. It is time that we reciprocate.

There is a legal issue as to the status of the Taliban in Afghanistan, which we do not recognize as the government. The Taliban, however, control some 90 percent of the territory. For purposes of a declaration of war and for taking action, there is, in my legal judgment, a sufficient nation-state entity so that we can act and we should not be prohibited from acting because there is no so-called true nation-state there at the present time.

While on a vastly different scale, when I was district attorney of Philadelphia and we had outstanding indictments, a warrant of arrest would be issued. We hunted down indictees. We brought them to court, we tried them, we convicted them, and we punished them.

The United States of America has the authority, from the indictments which have been handed down and the statement of our extraterritorial jurisdiction in the Terrorist Prosecution Act of 1986, to take the steps which are necessary to bring bin Laden and his coconspirators to justice. We have the capacity, we have the capability, the military strength, to do what is necessary.

When demands have been made on the Taliban for the surrender of bin Laden and the Taliban or Afghanistan--or whatever entity we choose to denominate it as being--declines on the grounds that bin Laden is a guest, and yesterday there was a news conference where someone from the Taliban appeared on international television trying to defend the Taliban's position, it is time we act. Where we have faced the extraordinary wounds from yesterday, and they may or may not be a continuation of bin Laden's past attacks--time will tell--but in accordance with our values on the presumption of innocence and not rushing to judgment, we will await further developments as we find out what the facts are and who the perpetrators were yesterday, even though they do bear the so-called signature of bin Laden. But for the acts in 1993 in Mogadishu, for the attacks in 1998 on our Embassies in Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya, there is no doubt that we have the authority to act.

That is why I think with these outstanding indictments, which have pinpointed the evidence as to Osama bin Laden, that consideration should be given to responding to acts of war against the United States with the appropriate counterattack, to see to it that we take into custody bin Laden, bring him to the United States for trial, for conviction, and the potential of execution in accordance with the death penalty which is provided by U.S. law.

I again thank my colleague from North Carolina. I thank the Chair and yield the floor.

Exhibit 1

[United States District Court, Southern District of New York, 98 Cr.] United States of America v. USAMA BIN LADEN, a/k/a/ ``Usamah bin-Muhammad bin-Laden,'' a/k/a ``Shaykh Usamah bin-Laden,'' a/k/a ``Mujahid Shaykh,'' a/k/a ``Abu Abdallah,'' a/k/a ``Qa Qa,'' DEFENDANT

COUNT ONE: CONSPIRACY TO ATTACK DEFENSE UTILITIES OF THE UNITED STATES

The Grand Jury charges:

Background: Al Qaeda

1. At all relevant times from in or about 1989 until the date of the filing of this Indictment, an international terrorist group existed which was dedicated to opposing non-Islamic governments with force and violence. This organization grew out of the ``mekhtab al khidemat'' (the ``Services Office'') organization which had maintained (and continues to maintain) offices in various parts of the world, including Afghanistan, Pakistan (particularly in Peshawar) and the United States, particularly at the Alkifah Refugee Center in Brooklyn. From in or about 1989 until the present, the group called itself ``Al Qaeda'' (``the Base''). From 1989 until in or about 1991, the group was headquartered in Afghanistan and Peshawar, Pakistan. In or about 1992, the leadership of Al Qaeda, including its ``emir'' (or prince) USAMA BIN LADEN, the defendant, an its military command relocated to the *.*.*.*.*

of Al Qaeda that the United States forces stationed in the Horn of Africa, including Somalia, should be attacked;

k. Beginning in or about early spring 1993, Al Qaeda members began to provide training and assistance to Somali tribes opposed to the United Nations' intervention in Somalia;

l. On October 3 and 4, 1993, members of Al Qaeda participated with Somali tribesmen in an attack on United States military personnel serving in Somalia as part of Operation Restore Hope, which attack killed a total of 18 United States soldiers and wounded 73 others in Mogadishu;

m. On two occasions in the period from in or about 1992 until in or about 1995, Co-conspirator helped transport weapons and explosives from Khartoum to Port Sudan for transshipment to the Saudi Arabian peninsula;

n. At various times from at least as early as 1993, USAMA BIN LADEN and others known and unknown, made efforts to obtain the components of nuclear weapons;

o. At various times from at least as early as 1993, USAMA BIN LADEN and others known and unknown, made efforts to produce chemical weapons;

p. On or about August 23, 1996, USAMA BIN LADEN signed and issued a Declaration of Jihad entitled ``Message from Usamah Bin-Muhammad Bin-Laden to His Muslim Brothers in the Whole World and Especially in the Arabian Peninsula: Declaration of Jihad Against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Mosques; Expel the Heretics from the Arabian Peninsula'' (hereafter the ``Declaration of Jihad'') from the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan. The Declaration of Jihad included statements that efforts should be pooled to kill Americans and encouraged other persons to join the jihad against the American ``enemy'';

q. In or about late August 1996, USAMA BIN LADEN read aloud the Declaration of Jihad and made an audiotape recording of such reading for worldwide distribution; and

r. In February 1998, USAMA BIN LADEN issued a joint declaration in the name of Gamaa't, Al Jihad, the Jihad Movement in Bangladesh and the ``Jamaat ul Ulema e Pakistan'' under the banner of the ``International Islamic Front for Jihad on the Jews

[Page: S9295] and Crusaders,'' which stated that Muslims should kill Americans--including civilians--anywhere in the world where they can be found. (Title 18, United States Code, Section 2155(b).)

Mary Jo White, United States Attorney.

-- [United States District Court, Southern District of New York, S(2) 98 Cr. 1023 (LBS)] United States of America v. USAMA BIN LADEN, a/k/a ``Usamah bin-Muhammad bin-Ladin,'' a/k/a ``Shaykh Usamah bin-Ladin,'' a/k/a ``Abu Abdullah,'' a/k/a ``Mujahid Shaykh,'' a/k/a ``Hajj,'' a/k/a ``al Qaqa,'' a/k/a ``the Director''; MUHAMMAD ATEF, a/k/a ``Abu Hafs,'' a/k/a ``Abu Hafs el Masry,'' a/k/a ``Abu Hafs el Masry el Khabir,'' a/k/a ``Taysir,'' a/k/a ``Sheikh Taysir Abdullah''; WADIH EL HAGE, a/k/a ``Abdus Sabbur,'' a/k/a ``Abd al Sabbur,'' a/k/a ``Norman,'' a/k/a ``Wa'da Norman''; FAZUL ABDULLAH MOHAMMED, a/k/a ``Harun Fazhl,'' a/k/a ``Fazhl Abdullah,'' a/k/a ``Fazhl Khan''; MOHAMED SADEEK ODEH, a/k/a ``Abu Moath,'' a/k/a ``Noureldine,'' a/k/a ``Marwan,'' a/k/a ``Hydar''; and MOHAMED RASHED DAOUD AL-'OWHALI, a/k/a ``Khalid Salim Saleh bin Rashed,'' a/k/a ``Moath,'' a/k/a ``Abdul Jabbar Ali Abdel-Latif,'' DEFENDANTS

INTRODUCTION

The Grand Jury charges:

Background: Al Qaeda

1. At all relevant times from in or about 1989 until the date of the filing of this Indictment, an international * * * * *

with representatives of the government of Iran, and its associated terrorist group Hezballah, for the purpose of working together against their perceived common enemies in the West, particularly the United States.

COUNT ONE: THE CONSPIRACY TO KILL UNITED STATES NATIONALS

8. From at least 1991 until the date of the filing of this Indictment, in the Southern District of New York, in Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, the Philippines and elsewhere out of the jurisdiction of any particular state or district, Usama bin Laden, a/k/a ``Usamah Bin-Muhammad Bin-Ladin,'' a/k/a ``Shaykh Usamah bin-Ladin,'' a/k/a ``Abu Abdallah,'' a/k/a ``Mujahid Shaykh,'' a/k/a ``Hajj,'' a/k/a ``al Qaqa,'' a/k/a ``the Director''; Muhammad Atef, a/k/a ``Abu Hafs,'' a/k/a ``Abu Hafs el Masry,'' a/k/a ``Abu Hafs el Masry el Khabir,'' a/k/a ``Taysir,'' a/k/a ``Sheikh Taysir Abdullah''; Wadih el Hage, a/k/a ``Abdus Sabbur,'' a/k/a ``Abd al Sabbur,'' a/k/a ``Norman,'' a/k/a ``Wa'da Norman''; Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, a/k/a ``Harun Fazhl,'' a/k/a ``Fazhl Abdullah,'' a/k/a ``Fazhl Khan''; Mohamed Sadeek Odeh, a/k/a ``Abu Moath,'' a/k/a ``Noureldine,'' a/k/a ``Marwan,'' a/k/a ``Hydar''; and Mohamed Rashed Daoud al-'Owhali, a/k/a ``Khalid Salim Saleh bin Rashed,'' a/k/a ``Moath,'' a/k/a ``Abdul Jabbar Ali Abdel-Latif,'' defendants at least one of whom was first brought to and arrested in the Southern District of New York, together with other members and associates of al Qaeda and others known and unknown to the Grand Jury, unlawfully, willfully and knowingly combined, conspired, confederated and agreed to kill nationals of the United States in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 2332(a).

9. The objectives of the conspiracy included: (i) killing United States nationals employed by the United States military who were serving in Somalia and on the Saudi Arabian peninsula; (ii) killing United States nationals employed at the United States Embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; and (iii) engaging in conduct to conceal the activities and means and methods of the co-conspirators by, among other things, establishing front companies, providing false identify and travel documents, engaging in coded correspondence and providing false information to the authorities in various countries.

Overt Acts

10. In furtherance of the said conspiracy, and to effect the illegal objects thereof, the following overt acts, among others, were committed:

The Provision of Guesthouses and Training Camps

a. At various times from at least as early as 1989, Usama bin Laden, the defendant, and others known and unknown, provided training camps and guesthouses in various areas, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Sudan, Somalia and Kenya for the use of al Qaeda and its affiliated groups;

The Recruitment of American Citizens

b. At various times from at least as early as ..... * * * * *

COUNTS TWO THROUGH TWO HUNDRED TWENTY SEVEN: THE AFRICA BOMBINGS

COUNT TWO: BOMBING OF THE UNITED STATES EMBASSY IN NAIROBI, KENYA, RESULTING IN MORE THAN 200 DEATHS

The Grand Jury further charges:

11. The allegations continued in paragraphs 1 through 7 are repeated herein.

12. On or about August 7, 1998, in Nairobi, Kenya, and outside the jurisdiction of any particular state or district, Usama bin Laden, a/k/a ``Usamah bin-Muhammad bin-Ladin,'' a/k/a ``Shaykh Usamah bin-Ladin,'' a/k/a ``Abu Abdallah,'' a/k/a ``Mujahid Shaykh,'' a/k/a ``Hajj,'' a/k/a ``al Qaqa,'' a/k/a ``the Director''; Muhammad Atef, a/k/a ``Abu Hafs,'' a/k/a ``Abu Hafs el Masry,'' a/k/a ``Abu Hafs el Masry el Khabir,'' a/k/a ``Taysir,'' a/k/a ``Sheikh Taysir Abdullah''; Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, a/k/a ``Harun Fazhl,'' a/k/a ``Fazhl Abdullah,'' a/k/a ``Fazhl Khan''; Mohamed Sadeek Odeh, a/k/a ``Abu Moath,'' a/k/a ``Noureldine,'' a/k/a ``Marwan,'' a/k/a ``Hydar''; and Mohamed Rashed Daoud al-'Owhali, a/k/a ``Khalid Salim Saleh bin Rashed,'' a/k/a ``Moath,'' a/k/a ``Abdul Jabbar Ali Abdel-Latif,'' defendants, at least one of whom was first brought to and arrested in the Southern District of New York, and others known and unknown, unlawfully, willfully, and knowingly did maliciously damage and destroy, and attempted to damage and destroy, by means of fire and an explosive, buildings, vehicles and other personal and real property in whole and in part owned and possessed by, and leased to, the United States, to wit, the defendants, together with other members of al Qaeda, an international terrorist organization, detonated an explosive device that damaged and destroyed the United States Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya, and as a result of such conduct directly and proximately caused the deaths of at least 213 persons, including Kenyan and American citizens.

(Title 18, United States Code, Sections 844(f)(1), (f)(3), and 2.)

COUNT THREE: BOMBING OF THE UNITED STATES EMBASSY IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA, RESULTING IN AT LEAST 11 DEATHS

The Grand Jury further charges:

13. The allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 7 are repeated herein.

14. On or about August 7, 1998, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and outside the jurisdiction of any particular state or district, Usama bin Laden, a/k/a ``Usamah bin-Muhammad bin-Ladin,'' a/k/a ``Shaykh Usamah bin-Ladin,'' a/k/a ``Abu Abdallah,'' a/k/a ``Mujahid Shaykh,'' a/k/a ``Hajj,'' a/k/a ``al Qaqa,'' a/k/a ``the Director''; Muhammad Atef, a/k/a ``Abu Hafs,'' a/k/a ``Abu Hafs el Masry,'' a/k/a ``Abu Hafs el Masry el Khabir,'' a/k/a ``Taysir,'' a/k/a ``Sheikh Taysir Abdullah''; Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, a/k/a ``Harun Fazhl,'' a/k/a ``Fazhl Abdullah,'' a/k/a ``Fazhl Khan''; Mohamed Sadeek Odeh, a/k/a ``Abu Moath,'' a/k/a ``Noureldine,'' a/k/a ``Marwan,'' a/k/a ``Hydar''; and Mohamed Rashed Daoud al-'Owhali, a/k/a ``Khalid Salim Saleh bin Rashed,'' a/k/a ``Moath,'' a/k/a ``Abdul Jabbar Ali Abdel-Latif,'' defendants, at least one of whom was first brought to and arrested in the Southern District of New York, and others known and unknown, unlawfully, willfully, and knowingly did maliciously damage and destroy, and attempted to damage and destroy, by means of fire and an explosive, buildings, vehicles and other personal and real property in whole and in part owned and possessed by, and leased to, the United States, to wit, the defendants, together with other members of al Qaeda, an international terrorist organization, detonated an explosive device that damaged and destroyed the United States Embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and as a result of such conduct directly and proximately caused the deaths of at least 11 persons, including Tanzanian citizens.

(Title 18, United States Code, Sections 844(f)(1), (f)(3) and 2.)

COUNTS FOUR THROUGH TWO HUNDRED SIXTEEN: MURDERS IN NAIROBI, KENYA

The Grand Jury further charges:

15. The allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 7 are repeated herein.

16. On or about August 7, 1998, in Nairobi, Kenya, and outside the jurisdiction of any particular state or district, Usama bin Laden, a/k/a ``Usamah bin-Muhammad bin-Ladin,'' a/k/a ``Shaykh Usamah bin-Ladin,'' a/k/a ``Abu Abdallah,'' a/k/a ``Mujahid Shaykh,'' a/k/a ``Hajj,'' a/k/a ``al Qaqa,'' a/k/a ``the Director''; Muhammad Atef, a/k/a ``Abu Hafs,'' a/k/a ``Abu Hafs el Masry,'' a/k/a ``Abu Hafs el Masry el Khabir,'' a/k/a ``Taysir,'' a/k/a ``Sheikh Taysir Abdullah''; Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, a/k/a ``Harun Fazhl,'' a/k/a ``Fazhl Abdullah,'' a/k/a ``Fazhl Khan''; Mohamed Sadeek Odeh, a/k/a ``Abu Moath,'' a/k/a ``Noureldine,'' a/k/a ``Marwan,'' a/k/a ``Hydar''; and Mohamed Rasheed Daoud al-'Owhali, a/k/a ``Khalid Salim Saleh bin Rashed,'' a/k/a ``Moath,'' a/k/a ``Abdul Jabbar Ali Abdel-Latif,'' defendants, at least one of whom was first brought to and arrested in the Southern District of New York, and others known and unknown, unlawfully, willfully, and knowingly did kill the persons listed below during the course of an attack on a federal facility involving the use of a dangerous weapon, to wit, the defendants detonated an explosive device that damaged and destroyed the United States Embassy in Nairobi, Kenya, and as a result of such conduct directly and proximately caused the deaths of:

Count Victim

4 Bontia Achola 5 Samson Oduor Ahomo 6 Margaret Akinyi 7 Jesse Nathaniel Aliganga 8 Sylia Ambasa 9 Elizabeth Anyango 10 Monica Apondi 11 Patricia Atieno 12 Allan Sabato Bando 13 Rosetta Baraza 14 Julian Leotis Bartley, Jr. 15 Julian Leotis Bartley, Sr. 16 Chrispine Bonyo 17 Daniel Kiprono Cheruiyot 18 Jean Dalizu [Page: S9296]

19 Sheikh Fahat 20 Eva Nyanjau Gacheru 21 Jane Wangui Gacheru 22 Alice Nduta Gachiri 23 Raphael Johnson Gathumbi 24 Agnes Wanjiru Gitau 25 Lawrence Ambrose Gitau 26 Joel Kamau Githumbi 27 Benard Mugambi Gitonga 28 Susan Wairimu Gitu 29 Rosemary Njeri Gituma 30 Hassan Hukay Guracha 31 Burhan Aden Hanshi 32 Molly H. Hardy 33 Kenneth Ray Hobson 34 Anthony Kihato Irungu 35 George Irungu 36 Jane Wangari Itotia 37 Dorine Aluoch Jow 38 John Karoki Kahuthu 39 Geoffrey Kaleo 40 Francis Kihara Kamuti 41 Lawrence Gitau Kamuti 42 Margaret Wanjiku Kangi 43 Charles Mugo Karanja 44 Lucy Nyawira Karigi 45 Moses Kariuki 46 Christine Wairumu Karumba 47 Prabhi Kavaler 48 Francis Kibe 49 Jackline Nyawira Kibera 50 Felistus Njeri Kimani 51 Rael Mburi Kimani 52 Stephen Maina Kimani 53 Simon Kinuthia 54 Joe Kiongo 55 Arlene Bradley Kirk 56 Frnacis Kabathi Kiu 57 Dominic Kivuva 58 David Ndula Koimburi 59 Julian Kwali 60 Peter Mbevi Kyelo 61 Moses Muli Kyule 62 Emmanuel Machambele 63 Denis R. Madegwa 64 Ann Mumbi Maina 65 Frank Maina 66 Lidiah Ndinda Maingi 67 Cecelia Mamboleo 68 Mary Louise Martin 69 James Otieno Masea 70 Anne Nyambura Mathenge 71 Pity Mwihaki Mathenge 72 Simon Peter Ngumo Matu 73 June Mary Maweu 74 Lydia Mukuri Mayaka 75 Doreen Mbayaki 76 Francis Mbogo 77 Francis Ndungu Mbogua 78 Rachael Kabendi Mboya 79 Lucy Waruthi Mbunya 80 Stephen Waweru Mburu 81 James Mathenge Migwi 82 Elizabeth Onyango Mito 83 Ahmed Warko Mohammed 84 Luciano Mugambi 85 Justus Njeru Mugendi 86 Gilbert Mugo 87 Peter Irungu Mugo 88 Josphat Mutua Muia 89 Edward Mukaya 90 Loise Njeri Mukoma 91 Samuel Vondo Mulalia 92 Francis Mukenye Muleki 93 Thomas Mundanyi 94 Benson Wathigu Muniri 95 Caroline Mumbi Muraguri 96 Tirus Muraguri 97 Catherine Mureithi 98 Frida Wambui Muritu 99 Alice Waruguru Muriuki 100 Mary Wanjiku Muriuki 101 Robert Migwi Muriuki 102 Ruth Mwkai Musyoka 103 Wilson Kipkorir Mutai 104 Florence Mwende Muthama 105 Emmanuel Njaga Muthuria 106 Daniel Maundu Mutinda 107 Josphine Nzilani Mutinda 108 Catherine Ndumi Mutua 109 Caroline Karambo Mutuiiri 110 Gloria Ngatha Mutuiiri 111 Geofrey Munyiri Mutunga 112 Patrick Kariuki Muturi 113 Gabriel Mwandime 114 Harrison Njuguna Mwangi 115 Naftali Mwangi 116 Roseline Wanjiku Mwangi 117 Samuel Githua Mwangi 118 Moses Aston Mwani 119 Ann Mwaniki 120 Isack Mugera Mwaria 121 Pamela Mboya Mwenge 122 Edwin Mungai Mweya 123 Abdalla Musyoki Mwilu 124 Nkruma Tonny Myizala 125 Moses Namayi 126 Mary Nyaga Ndirango 127 Caroline Ndolo 128 Martin K. Nduati 129 Julius Ndulu 130 Edwin Paul Ndumbi 131 Ephrahim Kingori Ndungu 132 Peter Njoroge Ndungu 133 Joyce Njeri Ng'ang'a 134 John Mwangi Ngaragari 135 Peter Macharia Ngugi 136 Abel Mugambi Njau 137 Simon Mwangi Njima 138 Catherine Wambara Njoka 139 Agatha Njoki 140 Jacinta Njoki 141 Francis Ndungu Njoroge 142 Grace Nyambura Njoroge 143 William Waithaka Njoroge 144 Godfrey Muchori Njuguna 145 Patrick Njuguna 146 Beatric Nyambura 147 Michael Oduor Nyandeba 148 Elizabeth Nyarotso 149 Vincent Kamau Nyoike 150 Janet Ndoome Nzioka 151 Kimeu Nzioka 152 Magdaline Mbithe Nzioka 153 Joseph Ngove Nzwili 154 Margret Atieno Obonya 155 Joshua Aneah Obonyo 156 Fredrick Ebra Ochieng 157 Michael Ochieng 158 Francis Olewe Ochilo 159 Lawrence Olum Ochoka 160 Ann Michelle O'Connor 161 Duncan Odhiambo 162 Emma Odhiambo 163 John Odhiambo Oduor 164 Maurice Okach Oholla 165 Simon Otieno Olang 166 Sherry Lynn Olds 167 Kitalian Olotono 168 Hanson Nyabera Omae 169 Hindu Omari 170 Edwin Omori 171 Enock Omweno 172 Lucy Onono 173 Eric Obur Onyango 174 John Ouko Onyango 175 Caroline Opati 176 Silvia Oriendo 177 Godfrey Okoro Orono 178 Elizabeth Achieng Orwa 179 Evans Osongo 180 Dominic Alango Otieno 181 Elias Otieno 182 Julius Otieno 183 Mathew Walunya Otieno 184 Rogers Otoro 185 Elijah Ngito Owino 186 Josiah Odera Owuor 187 Rachael Pussy 188 Margret Llello Rading 189 Ruth Mukami Rungu 190 Joseph Ondari Salamba 191 Timothy Odhiambo Sande 192 Uttamlal Thomas Shah 193 Hassan Jarso Soka 194 Shadrack Nyaga Thito 195 Samuel Mbugua Thuo 196 Phaema Vrontamis 197 Gloria Wangechi Wachira 198 Shadrack Mwangi Maganyu 199 James Mwangi Wainaina 200 Teresia Kiongo Wairimu 201 Sabena Walter 202 Adams Wamai 203 Rachel Wambui 204 John Gitau Wamutwe 205 David Soita Wanabacha 206 John Amos Wangai 207 Sharon Wangechi 208 Gladys Wangui 209 Margaret Wangui 210 Mercy Wanjiku 211 John Mwangi Wanyoike 212 Margaret Wasike 213 Margret Njeri Waweru 214 Fredrick Maloba Yafes 215 Ann Mumo Zakayo 216 Unidentified male

(Title 18, United States Code, Sections 930(c) and 2.)

COUNTS TWO HUNDRED SEVENTEEN THROUGH TWO HUNDRED TWENTY SEVEN: MURDERS IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA

17. The allegations contained in paragraphs 1 through 7 are repeated herein.

18. On or about August 7, 1998, in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and outside the jurisdiction of any particular state or district, Usama bin Laden, a/k/a ``Usamah bin-Muhammad bin-Ladin,'' a/k/a ``Shaykh Usamah bin-Ladin,'' a/k/a ``Abu Abdallah,'' a/k/a ``Mujahid Shaykh,'' a/k/a ``Hajj,'' a/k/a ``al Qaqa,'' a/k/a ``the Director''; Muhammad Atef, a/k/a ``Abu Hafs,'' a/k/a ``Abu Hafs el Masry,'' a/k/a ``Abu Hafs el Masry el Khabir,'' a/k/a ``Taysir,'' a/k/a ``Sheikh Taysir Abdullah''; Fazul Abdullah Mohammed, a/k/a ``Harun Fazhl,'' a/k/a ``Fazhl Abdullah,'' a/k/a ``Fazhl Khan''; Mohamed Sadeek Odeh, a/k/a/ ``Abu Moath,'' a/k/a/ ``Noureldine,'' a/k/a/ ``Marwan,'' a/k/a/ ``Hydar''; and Mohamed Rashed Daoud al-'Owhali, a/k/a/ ``Khalid Salim Saleh Bin Rashed,'' a/k/a/ ``Moath,'' a/k/a/ ``Abdul Jabbar Ali Abdel-Latif,'' defendants, at least one of whom was first brought to and arrested in the Southern District of New York, and others known and unknown, unlawfully, willfully, and knowingly did kill the persons listed below during the course of an attack on a federal facility involving the use of a dangerous weapon, to wit, the defendants detonated an explosive device that damaged and destroyed the United States Embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and as a result of such conduct directly and proximately caused the deaths of:

Count Victim

217 Abdulahaman Abdulah 218 Elisha Paulo Elia 219 Hassan Siyad Harane 220 Ramadhani H. Mahundi 221 Mtendeje Rajabu Mbegu 222 Abdallah Mohamed 223 Abas William Mwila 224 Almosaria Yussuf Mzee 225 Shamte Yusuph Ndale 226 Bakari Yusuph Nyumbo 227 Dotto Seleman

(Title 18, United States Code, Sections 930(c) and 2.) * * * * * *

..... stated to a Special Agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation that he had never heard that ``Abu Ubaidah al Banshiri,'' a military commander for Usama Bin Laden, had died when in truth and fact WADI EL HAGE knew that ``Abu Ubaidah al Banshiri'' had died in Kenya in 1996.

(Title 18, United States Code, Section 1001.)

COUNT 238: FALSE STATEMENTS

38. On or about August 20, 1998, in Dallas, Texas, and Arlington, Texas, the defendant Wadih el Hage, a/k/a/ ``Abdus Sabbur,'' a/k/a/ ``Abd al Sabbur,'' a/k/a/ ``Norman,'' a/k/a/ ``Wa'da Norman,'' in a matter within the jurisdiction of the executive branch of the government, to wit, a criminal investigation based in the Southern District of New York, unlawfully, wilfully and knowingly, did make materially false statements and representations, to wit, the defendant falsely stated to a Special Agent of the Federal bureau of Investigation that he did not know Mohamed Sadeek Odeh and did not recognize his photograph when in truth and fact el Hage knew Mohamed Sadeek Odeh.

(Title 18, United States Code, Section 1001.)

Mary Jo White, United States Attorney.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Delaware.

Mr. BIDEN. I yield to the Senator from Vermont, Mr. Leahy.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Vermont.

Mr. LEAHY. Madam President, I applaud the Senators from Delaware and North Carolina for leading the debate on this resolution and, of course, our leaders, Senator Daschle and Senator Lott, for bringing this resolution before the Senate.

Most Senators will speak on the floor about yesterday's tragedy. It perhaps is impossible for the men and women of this body to say all the things that can be said and should be said. The 100 of us, though, are given the duty and the honor to speak for over 260 million Americans. I know in my case my wife Marcelle and I, like all Vermonters, pray for the victims of these heinous

[Page: S9297] acts. We also pray for their loved ones who remain behind. The heart of every American aches for those who died or have been injured. Think how the families and friends feel. I know that in my own State, the head of the Roman Catholic diocese, Bishop Angell, has been leading his congregation in prayer while his heart aches knowing that his brother and his sister-in-law died on one of the hijacked planes. Can you imagine the grief?

All day yesterday, last night and this morning, I have heard from my fellow Vermonters by phone and by Internet. I hear from my friends and members of my staff of the losses they have suffered of family and friends. I think of my own children, each one of whom were trying to call Washington yesterday when all the phones were jammed, to find out where their mother and I were. You can replicate that for hundreds of thousands of people around the country.

We have tried to answer those calls. We have tried to get the answers for them and so often the answers are terrible ones.

I listened to the news a little after 5 this morning. I heard the name of a friend of mine who went into the World Trade building to help with the rescue and the building came down--and he died with hundreds of New York firefighters, police and FMS personnel.

I have said for so many years that in a democracy like ours, terrorism should not be our Achilles heel. It is clear that now more than ever we have to concentrate on the terrorist threat.

I applaud the Democratic and the Republican leaders of the House and Senate for bringing us back into session today.

As our Capitol was evacuated yesterday, as I stood out here on the plaza and saw people coming out of our buildings, I said: Lord, let us get back in there as soon as possible for if we let terrorism shut down our democracy, then terrorism wins. We had to say to the American people that we were here today, including our loyal and brave staff.

I was proud to be in my seat representing Vermont when we opened the Senate and this building today. We know that quite possibly this building was the target of the plane that crashed, but we know that this building must be opened because the people's business is done here. No country, and no terrorist, no matter how evil, no matter how twisted, no matter how diabolic can close the symbols of U.S. democracy or what we do. Just as the brave men and women of our Armed Forces will not stop because of this dastardly attack on the Pentagon. And, just as the people in New York City who make up the fiber of ingenuity, innovation, economics, and learning in our country. The rest of the country will pick up the torch.

Franklin Roosevelt called December 7, 1941, the day Pearl Harbor was attacked, ``a date which will live in infamy.'' Almost 60 years later, Americans face such another day and challenge to our democracy. Just as the people of this country became united in World War II, we must unite against the cowardice of evil and terrorism. As our leaders said this morning: We stand here not as Republicans or Democrats, we stand together.

We will be supportive of our President, our institutions and of each other because a challenge to our freedom is going to be answered by the strength of our democracy. Trial by fire can refine us or it can coarsen us. If we hold to our ideals, then it strengthens us. Our people, our values, our institutions are strong. President Roosevelt spoke of the arsenal of democracy. That arsenal--our ideals, our values, our freedom, our community, our humanity--sustains us and propels us forward. As much as our military weaponry these ideals are the arsenal of democracy.

Let nobody outside our shores have any question about this: Americans are united. All the free world, all civilized nations, all caring people will join together at this difficult time. It has meant so much to hear the calls from around the world.

Our values, our resolve, our commitment, our sense of community will serve us well. I am confident that, as a nation, we will seek and serve justice. Our Nation, my neighbors and friends in Vermont demand no less, but we must not let the terrorists win. If we abandon our democracy to battle them, they win. If we forget our role as the world's leader to defeat them, they win. And we will win. We will maintain our democracy, and with justice, we will use our strength.

We will not lose our commitment to the rule of law, no matter how much the provocation, because that rule of law has protected us throughout the centuries. It has created our democracy. It has made us what we are in history. We are a just and good nation. We will remain a just and good nation, but we are a nation capable of a terrible fury, and our enemies must know that. Madam President, our enemies will know that.

I yield the floor.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Carolina.

Mr. HELMS. Madam President, I yield myself 10 minutes, and I ask unanimous consent that I be permitted to deliver my remarks seated at my desk.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

Mr. HELMS. Madam President, I have counted the number of today's U.S. Senators who were around on December 7, 1941. There are not many of us. Many present members of the Senate were not born. The Honorable STROM THURMOND was indeed around, and bless his heart, I am so pleased the able senior Senator from South Carolina is still here and active.

I remember that Sunday on December 7, 1941, when we came out of church and heard the news about the bombing of Pearl Harbor. As one of the staff editors of the afternoon 6-day-a-week newspaper in Raleigh, NC, we prevailed upon the then publisher of The Raleigh Times to publish an ``extra''--and it was the last ``extra" newspaper published in the State of North Carolina, to my knowledge. I recall that we sold approximately 12,000, which pleased the management of the newspaper.

After the paper was put to bed, I walked up the street to the Raleigh post office and into the Navy recruiting station to volunteer. I did pretty well, but was turned down because of my hearing in my left ear. I recall my disappointment. But over in the corner was a regular Navy chief petty officer. Mr. President, I have never met a chief petty officer of the regular Navy who didn't talk out of one side of his mouth.

He said: ``Hey, boy, come over here.''

I went.

He said: ``You want to get in this man's Navy?''

I said: ``Yes, sir.''

He said: ``I have some friends in BUPERS.'' I did not know what BUPERS was, but I later found it was Bureau of Naval Personnel in Washington. I thought he was pulling my leg, but it turned out that he was not, because about 2 months later, I received a waiver; I was sworn into the Navy and went to San Diego for 2 or 3 months' boot camp.

Which is beside the point, except to say that the recruiting station that Sunday afternoon, December 7, 1941, was filled with young men, all wanting to defend their country. A lot of them did not know where Pearl Harbor was or what Pearl Harbor was, but they came anyhow because they realized that their country had been attacked unfairly.

Mr. President, that is the reason we won the war; that was a time when the accepted and effective policy of the United States of America was to seek out and find and, when necessary, destroy the leaders of forces resorting to violent harm to the American people.

That policy was in effect, as I say, on December 7, but in the years following, some in political circles decided to substitute only a vague warning to those making threats by crashing airliners loaded with innocent Americans.

Mr. President, I was encouraged to hear the President of the United States last evening and again this morning say, in effect, we are going to get them; they are not going to get by with it. That was the attitude in 1941 when Franklin Roosevelt--and I am the only one present in this Chamber at the moment who heard FDR say ``this is a day that will live in infamy.''

Well, Mr. President, yesterday was another day that must live in infamy. Not since the war of 1812 has the city of Washington been attacked by a hostile adversary. The attack on Pearl Harbor, of course, matched yesterday's cowardly actions in both surprise and

[Page: S9298] swiftness that occurred yesterday. The losses are perhaps more enormous yesterday; in number in terms of innocent lives, than those astronomical numbers in 1941 at Pearl Harbor. The policy I have just mentioned--of going after adversaries of the United States of America--was in effect on December 7, but somewhere along the line it began to dissipate after World War II. The mind-set in some political circles gradually was substituted for a two-fisted warning to the mean, cruel terrorists who made their threats yesterday by crashing airliners loaded with innocent Americans into public buildings in New York City and Washington.

That was the kind of terrorists who created that disaster yesterday; I hope I will live to see the day when it will once again be the unmistakable policy of the United States of America to search for and find that kind of sneaky slimy terrorist who created this morning's headlines by crashing those airplanes and creating destruction and disaster and bloodshed and loss of lives.

Senator KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON mentioned the young lady who called her husband from one of the planes on her cell phone. All of us had seen her many times on television and enjoyed her talent--and she will be missed. But I hope Americans will again be two-fisted, standing together.

President Bush laid down the bill of particulars, and I believe he is going to say let us get back in the game and punish these cruel terrorists.

I intend to do my best as a United States Senator to encourage and supplement such a revival of a policy that once protected the lives and property of innocent American people. FDR was right, December 7, 1941, was a day of infamy, and yesterday, September 11, 2001, was also a day of infamy.

We must stand together and vote together and never be deterred in our efforts to put an end to this sort of thing, wherever it happens around this world.

I yield back the remainder of my time.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Delaware.

Mr. BIDEN. Madam President, I say to my colleague from North Carolina, we have on our side 10 minutes now, but one of our colleagues has to go to California and one up to New Jersey because of so many folks involved in the Trade Tower. If they can split their 10 minutes, will it be all right to have them go in succession? I spoke with the Senator from Mississippi about this.

Mr. HELMS. That is fine.

Mr. BIDEN. I understand the Senator from Mississippi has a statement he wishes to make first.

Mr. COCHRAN. Madam President, I thank the Senator for yielding to me. The resolution before the Senate should be considered by those who have planned and perpetrated the heinous attacks in New York City and Washington as more than a warning. It is a promise that will be kept.

We pledge today our whole hearted support for President Bush and his commitment to hunt down those responsible for these atrocities and to punish them in a way that is commensurate with their horrible acts.

At the same time we are committing ourselves to provide the resources our government and our President may need as Commander in Chief to wage a war to eradicate terrorism. I am pleased the Senate is united in this resolve to help ensure that we will do all we are able to do to ensure these tragedies are never repeated.

I thank the distinguished Senator.

Mr. BIDEN. I thank the Senator from Mississippi.

Madam President, I yield 5 minutes, or slightly more if he needs it, to the Senator from New Jersey. I thank him for accommodating the Senator from California as well.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from New Jersey.

Mr. CORZINE. Madam President, I thank you for this opportunity to speak. I am awestruck by the passion I feel among all of the Senators in this Chamber.

Today, America's people in the civilized world join hands and hearts to share our grief and our love and to steel our will. First for victims, we share our grief. We share our love with the ones who are the heroes of rescue, and we truly steel our will against the evil actors of terrorism.

In my home State of New Jersey, there are unknown numbers of families heartbroken with the horror of yesterday's tragedy. The personal friendships and relationships affected in my own life are acutely painful. As do all of my colleagues, from the bottom of my heart I extend my deepest condolences to the families and friends of the victims and to the courageous men and women whose life's work has been to protect us, to rescue us in time of need.

In this moment of grief, we must and we will stand together as families, as communities, as one Nation.

Yesterday, America came under attack in a manner none of us thought imaginable. Our freedoms and liberties were challenged by cowardly, faceless fanatics who thought nothing of killing innocent people, women and children, hard-working men and women who dedicated their lives to believing in the American promise, the American dream, the values that we all cherish in a society.

In response to those attacks and this challenge, we need to be united in purpose to move swiftly, surely, thoughtfully, to uncompromising justice. I know we all recoil with horror as we think of those who died in the destruction of the World Trade Center. It was a true symbol of America's financial and

economic strength, just as certainly as the Pentagon represents our military strength.

I worked for many years in that neighborhood I saw buried under the rubble yesterday. In fact, I commuted through that building for over 20 years, and I fear for the many whose paths I crossed there because of potentially unspeakable horrors.

Equally shocking, it is just as difficult to imagine hijacked airliners being taken from Newark International Airport, where I have traveled literally thousands of times. But these shocks and circumstances which are not only personal to me but to everyone cannot allow us as a nation to weaken our resolve.

I boil with anger at what has occurred and share with my country men and women the belief that we will leave no stone unturned tracking down those responsible for these acts. I, too, join in a chorus that says we must hold all accountable, including those who harbor these criminals and give them aid and comfort. They have no clean hands.

Our Nation was born of strife and the horrors of war, but we built a country with the brick and mortar of freedom and democracy. That is what we have to defend. We have defended over the centuries the fundamental liberties that make us so strong and, as spoken about so eloquently, including the rule of law. We have become the world's lone superpower, the world's beacon of freedom because of those bricks and mortar that built the American dream.

It is our responsibility at this moment in time to stand strong on those principles. It motivates us and moves us to be ever vigilant, protecting our security and freedoms. We fought too hard and, frankly, we care too much. Millions of men and women have sacrificed their lives over time to secure those freedoms. Yesterday, others joined in that sacrifice. We honor them, but we must not be deterred. Our resolve must be strengthened.

I want to make sure we do everything we can to bring those who are responsible to justice, but we must be just as strong to make sure we rebuild and move forward in a sure and certain way.

I know one aspect of that in the financial world, and I am clear in my own mind that we will not hesitate, that we will not step back and we will marshal every resource to make sure things will move forward,